Research progress of traditional external preparations and novel nanoformulations of Arnebiae Radix / 中国药房

Arnebiae Radix is used widely in TCM external treatment. It has obvious curative effect on skin diseases， wound infection and local inflammation， and is used to treat water and fire burns， skin ulcers， eczema， psoriasis， vitiligo and atopic dermatitis， etc. The clinical and commercial preparations mainly include ointment， liniment and suppository. Modern research has proved that microcapsules， nano-micelles， nanofiber membranes， nanogels and other novel nanoformulations can significantly improve the stability of drug-effective substances， improve local drug concentration and targeting， and perform sound drug release properties in vitro. This paper reviews the variety and application of Arnebiae Radix traditional preparations for external use and the research progress of novel nanoformulations of Arnebiae Radix， from which we prospect to provide some valuable references for the future application and development of Arnebiae Radix external preparations.

Relationships of Low Serum Levels of Interleukin-10 With Poststroke Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Clinical Acute Stroke

Background@#and Purpose The relationships among interleukin (IL)-10 levels, anxiety, and cognitive status after stroke remain controversial. We aimed to determine the associations of serum IL-10 levels with poststroke anxiety (PSA) and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). @*Methods@#We recruited 350 patients with stroke, of whom only 151 completed a 1-month follow-up assessment. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the cognitive status and anxiety, respectively. Serum IL-10 levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. @*Results@#IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the PSA group than in the non-PSA group, and they were negatively associated with HAMA scores (r=-0.371, p<0.001). After adjusting for all potential confounders, IL-10 levels remained an independent predictor of PSA (odds ratio=0.471, 95% confidence interval=0.237–0.936, p=0.032). IL-10 levels were strongly correlated with behavior during interviews, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety. Patients without PSCI had higher IL-10 levels were higher in non-PSCI patients than in PSCI patients, and they were positively associated with MMSE scores in the bivariate correlation analysis (r=0.169, p=0.038), and also with memory capacity, naming ability, and copying capacity.However, IL-10 did not predict PSCI in the univariable or multivariable logistic regression. @*Conclusions@#Low IL-10 levels were associated with increased risks of PSA and PSCI at a 1-month follow-up after stroke. Serum IL-10 levels may therefore be helpful in predicting PSA.

Clinical value and biological role of LINC00978 in non-small cell lung cancer / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expression change, biological role and action mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00978 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). @*Methods@#The expression levels of LINC00978 in tumor tissues and serum samples of NSCLC patients were detected by the qRT-PCR. The effects of knockdown and overexpression of LINC00978 on the biological function of A549 cells were determined by the CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion assays. The action mechanisms of LINC00978 in NSCLC were investigated by the flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. @*Results@#The expression levels of LINC00978 in the tissues ( t =2.465, P ＜0.05) and serum samples ( t =8.781, P ＜0.01) of NSCLC patients increased. The knockdown of LINC00978 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells ( P ＜0.01) and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis of A549 cells ( P ＜0.01). The knockdown of LINC00978 downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 , and upregulated the expression of Bax ( P ＜0.05). In addition, the knockdown of LINC00978 inhibited the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug and Twist, and promoted the expression of E-cadherin ( P ＜0.05). The overexpression of LINC00978 had the opposite effect. @*Conclusion@#LINC00978 is highly expressed in NSCLC and can promote the occurrence and progression of NSCLC, which may serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC.

Effects of Shengmai Jianghuang San on intestinal flora in nude mice with radio resistant cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国中药杂志

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Shengmai San has the effects of enhancing immunity and improving blood circulation, and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(Jianghuang) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and other functions. Shengmai San combined with Jianghuang is a new research direction in the study of anti-tumor of traditional Chinese medicines. The main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiation therapy, but radiation therapy can cause a variety of side effects, and it also changes the composition of the intestinal flora. In this study, the 16 s rDNA sequencing platform was used to perform macro-sequence sequencing of the intestinal flora samples of nude mice bearing the veins of Shengmai Jianghuang San, and then the results of intestinal flora data were analyzed to investigate the effect of Shengmai Jianghuang San on tumors. The results showed that Shengmai Jianghuang San combined with irradiation could enhance the therapeutic effect of tumor treatment. Radiation therapy would reduce the total number and diversity of intestinal flora in nude mice, and also change the structure of the flora. Shengmai Jianghuang San could protect the diversity of colonies, and also partially restore the colony imbalance caused by irradiation. This study provides a research idea for Shengmai Jianghuang San as a sensitizing adjuvant for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Clustering of vestibular direction-selective neurons in macaque parieto-insular vestibular cortex / 生理学报

Neurons with direction-selectivity for vestibular stimuli are found in a number of cortical areas, and neurons in the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and the dorsal subdivision of the medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of the macaque brain are clustered according to their direction preferences for vestibular signals. This raises the question where the clustering inherits from? Previous work has shown that VIP and MSTd most probably receive vestibular input from the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), which processes vestibular signals at the earlier stage. Thus, PIVC is also supposed to show a clustered organization similar to that seen in VIP and MSTd. The present study was aimed to examine clustering properties of vestibular response in PIVC area. To address this issue, we compared the tuning of isolated single unit (SU) with the undifferentiated multiunit (MU) activity of several neighboring neurons recorded from the same microelectrode. When directional tuning was observed in MU activity, the direction preference generally agreed closely with that of a simultaneously recorded SU. These results suggest that PIVC neurons are indeed clustered according to preferred direction for both translational and rotational vestibular stimuli.

Anticancer effects and clinical application of Xihuang pill:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Xihuang pill,a famous anticancer traditional Chinese medicine formula,has curative effect in clinical application. It can inhibit the growth and invasion of tumor cells and cancer stem cells,prevent angiogenesis,and reverse the tumor immunosup-pressive microenvironment. This review summarizes the reported Xihuang pill' s anticancer mechanism and clinical application on colorectal cancer,breast cancer,liver cancer,so as to provide a reference for the further research and development on anticancer ap-plication of Xihuang pill.

Effect of curcumin on radiosensitization of radioresistantnasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of curcumin on radiosensitivity of radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R and its mechanism.Methods The concentration of curcumin was screened by MTT assay.Dose-survival curves were obtained according to the colony forming test for L-Q matching and multitarget-single hitting matching,while SF2 and the correlation parameters of radiation biology were calculated.The changes of cell cycle in CNE-2R cells caused by curcumin were also tested by flow cytometry(FCM).The differential expression of genes related to cell cycle and DNA damage repair were detected by RT-qPCR.Results CNE-2R cells could not be inhibited by 10 μmol·L-1 curcumin.Dealt with 10 μmol·L-1 curcumin for 24 h,the value of α/β increased to 1 596 from 6.56;the value of SF2 decreased to 0.361 Gy from 1.93 Gy;the value of N decreased to 1.06 from 1.60;the value of D0 decreased to 2.12 from 3.27;the value of Dq decreased to 0.12 from 1.53.FCM showed that the cells in G2 phase had a significant increase and the cells in S phase had a significant decrease after dealt with 10 μmol·L-1 curcumin for 24 h.The expression of CDK4 was significantly up-regulated and GADD45g,BRCA1 were significantly down-regulated.Conclusion Curcumin radiosensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R by changing cell cycle and affecting DNA damage repair through regulating the expression of CDK4,GADD45 g and BRCA1.

Stereotactic radiotherapy of the prostate: fractionation and utilization in the United States

PURPOSE: To analyze the utilization and fractionation of extreme hypofractionation via stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was analyzed on men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004–2012 and treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy, as captured in the National Cancer Database. This database is a hospital-based registry that collects an estimated 70% of all diagnosed malignancies in the United States. RESULTS: There were 299,186 patients identified, of which 4,962 (1.7%) were identified as receiving SBRT as primary treatment. Of those men, 2,082 had low risk disease (42.0%), 2,201 had intermediate risk disease (44.4%), and 679 had high risk disease (13.7%). The relative utilization of SBRT increased from 0.1% in 2004 to 4.0% in 2012. Initially SBRT was more commonly used in academic programs, though as time progressed there was a shift to favor an increased absolute number of men treated in the community setting. Delivery of five separate treatments was the most commonly utilized fractionation pattern, with 4,635 patients (91.3%) receiving this number of treatments. The most common dosing pattern was 725 cGy × 5 fractions (49.6%) followed by 700 cGy × 5 fractions (21.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Extreme hypofractionation via SBRT is slowly increasing acceptance. Currently 700-725 cGy × 5 fractions appears to be the most commonly employed scheme. As further long-term data regarding the safety and efficacy emerges, the relative utilization of this modality is expected to continue to increase.

Effect of curcumin on radiosensitization of CNE-2 cells and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of curcumin (Cur) on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-2 and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect of curcumin on radiosensitivity was determined by the clone formation assay. The cell survival curve was fitted by Graph prism 6. 0. The changes in cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The differential expression of long non-coding RNA was detected by gene chip technology. Part of differentially expressed genes was verified by Real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After 10 micro mol L-1 Cur had worked for 24 h, its sensitization enhancement ratio was 1. 03, indicating that low concentration of curcumin could increase the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; FCM displayed a significant increase of G2 phase cells and significant decrease of S phase cells in the Cur combined radiation group. In the Cur group, the GUCY2GP, H2BFXP, LINC00623 IncRNA were significantly up-regulated and ZRANB2-AS2 LOC100506835, FLJ36000 IncRNA were significantly down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cur has radiosensitizing effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells. Its mechanism may be related to the changes in the cell cycle distribution and the expression of long non-coding IncRNA.</p>

Chemical constituents of leaves of Psidium guajava / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents of the 95% ethanol extract of Psidium guajava. Compounds were separated by using a combination of various chromatographic methods including silica gel, D101 macroporous resin, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral data Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as (+) -globulol (1), clovane-2beta, 9alpha-diol (2), 2beta-acetoxyclovan-9alpha-ol (3), (+) -caryolane-1 ,9beta-diol (4), ent-T-muurolol (5), clov-2-ene-9alpha-ol (6), isophytol (7), tamarixetin (8), gossypetin (9), quercetin (10), kaempferol (11), guajaverin (12), avicularin (13), chrysin 6-C-glucoside (14), 3'-O-methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyellagic acid 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (16), guavinoside A (17) and guavinoside B (18). Compounds 2-9 and 14-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The ethanol extract showed 61.3% inhibition against the proliferation of colon cancer cell line SW480.

Determination of plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin with ultrafiltration / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The ultrafiltration was employed to determine the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin. The plasma concentrations of methyl protodioscin were measured by HPLC-MS-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin with rat plasma at the concentration of 20.0, 100 and 200 microg x mL(-1) were (94.6 +/- 0.16)%, (91.6 +/- 0.35)% and (86.10 +/- 0.60)%, respectively, while the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin with normal human plasma at the above concentrations were (82.11 +/- 5.12)%, (84.54 +/- 0.32)% and (88.52 +/- 1.02)%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The binding rate of methyl protodioscin with plasma protein is high.</p>

Effects of TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation on expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of various syndrome types / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment according to syndrome differentiation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by observing the changes of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression levels in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>COPD model was established by modified method of combining fumigation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intra-tracheal dripping. Model rats were treated respectively for succesive 14 days according to their syndrome, that is, Xiaoqinglong Decoction to the rats of cold-phlegm accumulation in Fei, Maxing Shigan Decoction to those of heat-phlegm accumulation in Fei, Yupingfeng Decoction to those of Fei-qi deficiency, Liujunzi Decoction to those of Pi-qi deficiency, Renshen Gejie Decoction to those of Shen qi-deficiency. Besides, model rats in the model control group received 2mL normal saline daily, and no intervention was applied in the normal control group. The expression of gamma-GCS and NF-kappaB was detected by immunochemistry before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in the normal rats, the expressions of gamma-GCS and NF-kappaB in bronchial and alveolar epithelium of COPD rats before treatment were significantly higher, but the positive expression rates were lowered after treatment significantly (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCM treatment according to syndrome differentiation could rectify imbalance of oxidation/anti-oxidation and alleviate inflammatory reaction in COPD rats, thus to treat COPD effectively.</p>

Phenolic acid derivatives from the rhizome of Fagopyrum cymosum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Fagopyrum cymosum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectral data and physiochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four phenolic acid derivatives were isolated from F. cymosum. The chemical structures were elucidated as trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic methyl ester (I), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzamide (II), protocatechuic acid (III), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (IV).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I, II, IV were obtained from the genus Fagopyrum for the first time.</p>